What are the classifications of flannelette? What are their characteristics?

    Velvet is a cotton fabric that exhibits a rich, fluffy appearance after being brushed, and is classified into two types: single-sided velvet and double-sided velvet.
    The single-sided velvet fabric is primarily twill-weave, also known as serge velvet; the double-sided velvet fabric is primarily plain weave. Velvet fabric is soft, comfortable to wear, and has good warmth retention, making it suitable for winter underwear and pajamas. Printed velvet fabric and yarn-dyed striped velvet fabric are suitable for women's and children's spring and autumn outerwear. Velvet fabric printed with animal, flower, and fairy tale images is also known as beibei velvet, suitable for children's wear. Natural-colored velvet, bleached velvet, assorted-colored velvet, and sesame velvet are generally used for winter clothing, gloves, shoes, hats, and lining. The pile of velvet fabric is formed by repeatedly pulling the steel wire needles of the brushing machine on the surface of the grey fabric, pulling up a portion of the fibers. The pile is required to be short, dense, and uniform. Printed velvet fabric is brushed before printing, while bleached and assorted-colored velvet fabric is brushed at the end. The warp yarn used for the grey fabric of velvet should be fine; the weft yarn should be thick and have low twist. The cotton fiber used to spin the weft yarn should be thick and have good uniformity. The fabric has a smaller warp density and a larger weft density, which allows the weft yarn to emerge on the surface, facilitating the formation of a full and uniform pile of weft cotton fibers.

    Velvet fabrics can be categorized into velveteen, velvet, flocked velvet, tufted velvet, polyester velvet, knitted velvet, cotton velvet, silk velvet, and warp-knitted corduroy.
    Among them, velveteen accounts for the vast majority.
    Velvet is woven using a pile-raising structure and then subjected to a velvet-cutting finishing process, resulting in a dense, flat, upright, and lustrous pile on the surface, hence the name velvet. Both the warp and weft yarns of velvet are made of high-quality cotton yarn. Velvet has a full and flat pile, thick texture, soft feel, soft luster, wear resistance, durability, good warmth retention, elasticity, and is not prone to wrinkling. Depending on the pile-raising yarn, velvet is divided into warp velvet (cut warp velvet) and weft velvet (cut weft velvet). Warp velvet is raised by the warp yarn, consisting of two sets of warp yarns (ground warp and pile warp) and one set of weft yarn interwoven into a double-layered fabric. After velvet-cutting, it becomes two single-layered warp velvets with flat piles. The ground structure of warp velvet generally adopts a plain weave, and the pile warp is consolidated mainly using a V-shaped consolidation method. The arrangement ratio of ground warp to pile warp is either 2:1 or 1:1.
    Based on the length of the nap, velvet is divided into train velvet and mercerized velvet. Train velvet has a longer nap and is commonly used as train seat cushions; mercerized velvet has a shorter nap, undergoes mercerization treatment, and has a shiny surface, commonly used for clothing, military badges, and decoration. Weft-pile velvet is raised by the weft yarn, formed by interweaving a set of warp yarns with two sets of weft yarns (ground weft and pile weft), similar to corduroy. The ground structure is mostly plain weave, but there are also twill weaves. The nap is generally consolidated using a V-shaped consolidation method, with a ratio of 1:3 between ground weft and pile weft. Its difference from corduroy is that the pile weft is arranged in a regular pattern with uniform spacing between the floating points. Therefore, the weft density can be larger than that of corduroy, resulting in a tight fabric with full naps. Weft-pile velvet is mainly used for clothing and decoration.